Appendix

The Investment Plan for Gelephu is prepared as a part of the Gelephu Structure Plan, with the prime objective of the long-term wellbeing of the people of Gelephu and their environment, through an innovative approach and the provision of cost-effective services.

To ensure sustainable communities and bring about lasting improvements to quality of life of individuals, families and neighborhoods, we need integrated policies, investment and action across a range of economic, social, physical and environmental issues.

Access to economic opportunities (e.g. through new businesses and improved transport) along with the skills and support (e.g. training, child care and other support services) to take advantage of these opportunities;
Improvements to the local environment, open spaces and facilities;
Good quality and responsive public services (e.g. education, health and neighborhood services such as street cleaning, roads and lighting, and safety);
Safer communities; and,
Genuine community engagement in shaping the place they live.

This leads to an approach of making a balanced infrastructure investment program.

Invest in environmental, transportation and social infrastructure; and ,
Maximize economic efficiency through innovative investment mechanisms like revolving and securitization funds and grants (where necessary).

The main goal is to achieve improved quality of life, increased environmental and health protection, reduced levels of homelessness and improved community well-being.

Solid-waste management systems, including programs for reducing, reusing and recycling, waste diversion such as composting, upgrades of existing landfill sites;
Water and wastewater systems, including water and wastewater treatment plants, distribution and collection systems (covering potable water, sanitary and other effluents and storm waters), and water conservation; and,
Protection of ecologically sensitive lands and natural heritage.

Improved productivity and competitiveness;
Local job creation and training;
Community economic development;
Increased community safety; and,
Reduced levels of homelessness and the related costs of emergency shelters, health and social services.

The preparation of the Gelephu Structure Plan is the primary task of the Department of Urban Development and Engineering Services (DUDES) under the Ministry of Works and Human Settlement (MoW&HS), Royal Government of Bhutan (RGoB). This Investment Plan Report presents and discusses projects which are proposed as a part of the Gelephu Structure Plan.

Proposals for action have been proposed along with the projects on-going and future planned [as mentioned in Gelephu Structure Plan – 3.9]. Looking at the demographic studies it reveals that population will reach a figure of 32,500 to 60,000 by the year 2025 [Reference: Chapter -4, Demographic Studies and Planning Standards, Gelephu Structure Plan].

The Investment Plan proposal can act as a reference to plan carefully, to take care of the infrastructure needs of this growing population. This Plan deals in detail with infrastructure projects. It aims to help various departments to work together more efficiently and to execute the projects in a coordinated way and to provide greater transparency for the community on the infrastructure strategies and projects. Along with this process the implementing authority should also stress on the issues of maintenance and of implication for the provision of new infrastructure; on the possibilities for multi-year budgeting for infrastructure projects, and on new technologies and their implications for infrastructure. influencing project choice

While proposing the proposals for action three major criteria are used to assess the merits of an infrastructure project.

The community’s need for an infrastructure project may emerge from a number of factors. The report takes in to consideration population factor: population growth, population movements and the characteristics of new population distribution. The community’s need for infrastructure may also stem from the demands of economic change over and above that required simply to sustain a growing population.

The Gelephu Structure Plan is prepared considering four key policy points within which strategies, plans, initiatives and individual infrastructure projects would fit.

• Achieving greater social justice for all members of the community and creating livable towns; and,

• Delivering more financially responsible programs that reduce public debt and unfunded liabilities.

Some of the most important initiatives aimed at helping, meet these commitments are:

The Investment Plan specifies the proposed projects and recommendations that will deliver these initiatives.

As per the analysis of the proposed projects mentioned in the ‘Proposals for Action’, the Investment for the Gelephu Town (within the proposed extended municipal boundary limits) will be about Nu. 1,066.24 Million (or, USD 24.51 Million) up to the year 2025, for the projects various SECTORS.

Gelephu Structure Plan proposes various projects under the following SECTOR heads. The cost estimates are carried out for the same projects.

Water Supply Scheme and Network System
Sewerage Management and Network System
Storm Water Management and Watershed Development
Soil Waste Management System
Electrical Distribution System
Street Lighting System
Telecommunication System
Local Area Plan Implementation
Transportation System

A.3.1.1Water Supply System

To ensure an efficient and regular supply of potable treated water for the entire area under the present and proposed extended municipal boundary.
To ensure adequate tapping of the available water sources and after treatment, to utilize them as a part of the town water supply network.
To enable a decentralized network of sources and supply networks to reduce and distribute the anticipated load on the central network, in the future, on to other subsidiary ones.
To establish a cost efficient network, which would maximize the use of the gravity flow mechanism, thus efficiently utilizing the local terrain characteristics, reducing the need for expensive pumping facilities to the bare minimum.

Table A.1 : Summary of Cost Estimates of the Proposed Projects for Water Supply System and its network

Sector	Estimated Cost (Nu.) (in million)	Estimated Cost ( US $ ) (in million)	Phase One 2005-2010 (in million)	Phase Two 2011-2015 (in million)	Phase Three 2016-2020 (in million)	Phase Four 2021-2025 (in million)
Water Supply Scheme and Network System	255.29	5.869	97.883	73.927	41.058	42.420

Note: For detailed calculation please refer to Table A.10 at the end of this Appendix

The costing for the Water Supply System is arrived at considering the proposed system of flow from source to the intermediate reservoirs and then to the distribution expected within the proposed municipal limits. Pricing of the water supply consumption should be as per the metered consumption for each unit and would vary according to the precinct it is located in. A detailed pricing mechanism could be evolved for different grades of development and income groups as per the density of the development. Looking at the proposed systems, there would be a phase-wise expansion of the current manpower capacities engaged in the management and maintenance of the urban water supply network, to cover and manage the other recommended treatment plants and other facilities in the outlying areas.

The estimated cost for the entire water supply network system for Gelephu (with the extended municipal limits) is Nu. 255.29 million. This is a huge expenditure, but it is a necessity looking at the overall progress of the town. The entire scheme of implementation of the water supply system should be worked-out taking into consideration the amount to be invested and amount to be recovered from the consumers. At the same time the manpower and maintenance tasks have to be considered, as the system would have different control points. The implementing authority must establish this mechanism.

To ensure an efficient sewerage and waste water disposal system with respect to maintaining high standards of health and hygiene in Gelephu.
To lay the network of the sewerage network mainly along the natural drains and off the road networks. This will have a major advantage of not blocking the vehicular traffic during sewer repairing operations, which is a chronic problem on several main roads today.
To enable a decentralized the sewer network and to reduce and distribute the anticipated load on the central network.
To establish a cost efficient network, by installing sewage treatment plant.

For the purpose of facilitating an efficient sewerage System, the network lines which come from the territories to come at a point where pathways are proposed and then the lines follow the pathway running along the rivulets to the treatment plants. This pathway alignment will enable to locate the lines for maintenance and would also provide an access to the manholes.

Table A.2 : Summary Of Cost Estimates of the Proposed Project for Sewerage Management System

Sector	Estimated Cost (Nu.) (in million)	Estimated Cost ( US $ ) (in million)	Phase One 2005-2010 (in million)	Phase Two 2011-2015 (in million)	Phase Three 2016-2020 (in million)	Phase Four 2021-2025 (in million)
Sewerage Management and Network System	109.45	2.516	37.152	22.241	30.896	19.159

Note: For detailed calculation please refer to Table A.11 at the end of this Appendix

The costing for the Sewerage Management System is arrived at considering the various projects mentioned and the mechanism proposed for the same.

The estimated cost for the entire sewerage network system for Gelephu (with the extended Town limits) is Nu. 109.45 million. It is a large expenditure over the years but it is a necessity looking the overall progress of the town. The entire scheme of implementation of the sewerage network system should be worked-out taking into consideration the amount to be invested, and the amount to be recovered from the consumers. At the same time enough manpower and maintenance tasks have to be considered as the system would have different control points. An appropriate mechanism for implementation must be established by the implementing authority.

To ensure an efficient storm water disposal system with respect to maintaining high standards of health and hygiene in Gelephu.
To lay the network of the storm water drainage mainly along the off the road networks.
To establish a cost efficient network, by constructing storm water drainage channels wherever possible with loads according to areas of collection, thereby reducing on the exposed networks and the possibility of causing serious hygienic problems.

Table A.3 : Summary of Costs Estimates of the Proposed Project for Storm Water Drainage System, River Training and Flood Protection

Sector	Estimated Cost (Nu.) (in million)	Estimated Cost ( US $ ) (in million)	Phase One 2005-2010 (in million)	Phase Two 2011-2015 (in million)	Phase Three 2016-2020 (in million)	Phase Four 2021-2025 (in million)
Storm Water, River Training and Flood Protection	210.85	4.847	73.536	63.588	47.909	25.817

Note: For detailed calculation please refer to Table A.12 at the end of this Appendix

The costing for the Storm Water Drainage System is arrived considering the various projects mentioned in the Utilities and Infrastructure report.

The estimated amount for the entire storm water, river training and flood protection for Gelephu (with the extended municipal limits) is Nu. 210.85 million. It is a large expenditure over the years but it is a necessity looking to the overall progress of the town.

The main objective of the proposed Solid Waste Collection and Disposal System is to

To manage and minimize the volume of solid waste carried to the landfill site.
To alter the methodology of solid waste collection and disposal system.
To manage the solid waste at the source level.
To extend the services of the solid waste collection network to all the proposed precincts.
To decentralized the solid waste management system to other institutions and organizations. Large institutions should have their own facilities.
To promote awareness among the public in managing the solid wastes.

Table A.4 : Summary Of Cost Estimates of the Proposed Solid Waste Collection And Disposal System

Sector	Estimated Cost (Nu.) (in million)	Estimated Cost ( US $ ) (in million)	Phase One 2005-2010 (in million)	Phase Two 2011-2015 (in million)	Phase Three 2016-2020 (in million)	Phase Four 2021-2025 (in million)
Solid Waste Management System	48.970	1.126	15.282	11.161	11.264	11.264

Note: For detailed calculation please refer to Table A.13 at the end of this Appendix

The estimated amount for the entire solid waste management system for Gelephu (with the extended municipal limits) is Nu. 48.97 million. It is a large expenditure over the years but it is a necessity looking to the overall progress of the town. All the projects mentioned aims to minimize and manage the volume of the solid waste collected at the landfill site. Introduction of strict monitoring system, introduction of public participation and privatization of the solid waste management, will minimize the responsibilities and ease the management process for the Gelephu Municipal Corporation. These systems will also induce awareness among the public.

To provide sufficient electricity requirements to maximum consumption areas.
To establish a proper mechanism by establishing maintenance centers at key locations.
To convert the overhead lines network to underground network wherever necessary.

Table A.5 : Summary of Cost Estimates of the Proposed Electrical [Power] Distribution System

Sector	Estimated Cost (Nu.) (in million)	Estimated Cost ( US $ ) (in million)	Phase One 2005-2010 (in million)	Phase Two 2011-2015 (in million)	Phase Three 2016-2020 (in million)	Phase Four 2021-2025 (in million)
Electrical Distribution System	119.291	2.742	74.002	15.354	22.453	7.483

Note: For detailed calculation please refer to Table A.14 at the end of this Appendix

Pricing of the electrical distribution system should be worked-out as per the number of connections [by strict monitoring] and the investment to be done for the systems.

The estimated amount for the entire electrical distribution system for Gelephu (with the extended Town limits) is Nu. 119.291 million. It is a large expenditure over the years, but it is a necessity looking at the overall progress of the town. The entire scheme of implementation of the electrical distribution system should be worked-out taking into consideration the amount to be invested and amount to be recovered from the consumers. Separate facilities to be established by the implementing authority.

Table A.6 : Summary of Cost Estimates of the Proposed Project for Street Lighting System

Sector	Estimated Cost (Nu.) (in million)	Estimated Cost ( US $ ) (in million)	Phase One 2005-2010 (in million)	Phase Two 2011-2015 (in million)	Phase Three 2016-2020 (in million)	Phase Four 2021-2025 (in million)
Street Lighting	31.784	0.731	8.380	10.535	6.028	6.842

Note: For detailed calculation please refer to Table A.15 at the end of this Appendix

The costing for the Street Lighting System is arrived considering the various transportation projects proposed.

The estimated amount for the entire street lighting system for the Gelephu Town (with the extended Town limits) is Nu. 31.784 million. It is a large expenditure over the years but it is a necessity looking the overall traffic condition of the town. The entire scheme of implementation of the street lighting system should be worked-out taking into consideration the immediate requirements.

Table A.7 : Summary of Cost Estimates of the Proposed Telecommunication System

Sector	Estimated Cost (Nu.) (in million)	Estimated Cost ( US $ ) (in million)	Phase One 2005-2010 (in million)	Phase Two 2011-2015 (in million)	Phase Three 2016-2020 (in million)	Phase Four 2021-2025 (in million)
Telecommunication system	40.867	0.939	13.309	10.738	10.625	6.195

Note: For detailed calculation please refer to Table A.16 at the end of this Appendix

The costing for the Telecommunication System is arrived considering the various proposed tasks. Accordingly, the entire planning network would have to be done from each of the proposed Urban Village roads after executing a detailed survey.

The estimated amount for the entire telecommunication system for Gelephu (with the extended Town limits) is Nu. 40.867 million. It is a large expenditure over the years but it is a necessity looking the overall demand of the town and its extended limits. The entire scheme of implementation of the telecommunication system should be worked-out taking into consideration a detailed survey of the immediate requirements and also the future demand.

To strengthen the inter-town linkages.
To reduce the emission levels in the town by promoting the Public Transit System and by discouraging the use of private vehicles.
To encourage a pedestrian oriented transportation system by enhancing safety and convenience
To complement the proposed land use pattern with appropriate transportation and pedestrian linkages.
To create opportunities for the citizens of Gelephu to meet new people and make new friends, which they meet sitting next to them in public transport.

Table A.8 : Summary of Cost Estimates of the Proposed Project for Transportation System

Sector	Estimated Cost (Nu.) (in million)	Estimated Cost ( US $ ) (in million)	Phase One 2005-2010 (in million)	Phase Two 2011-2015 (in million)	Phase Three 2016-2020 (in million)	Phase Four 2021-2025 (in million)
Transportation System	238.28	5.478	72.621	82.428	41.720	41.511

Note: For detailed calculation please refer to Table A.18 at the end of this Appendix

The costing for the Transportation System is arrived taking into consideration the town’s present situation. A detailed survey has to be executed on the proposed roads and further make a study on its implication on the surrounding areas of the roads.

The estimated amount for the entire transportation system for the Gelephu Town (with the extended Town limits) is Nu. 238.28 million. It is a large expenditure over the years but it is a necessity looking the overall traffic movements of the Town, its extended limits and the safety of the public. The entire scheme of implementation of the transportation system should be worked-out taking into consideration a detailed survey of the immediate requirements and also of the future demand.